BOREAS Level-0 C-130 Aerial Photography Summary For BOREAS, C-130 and other aerial photography was collected to provide finely detailed and spatially extensive documentation of the condition of the primary study sites. The NASA C-130 Earth Resources aircraft can accommodate two mapping cameras during flight, each of which can be fitted with 6- or 12-inch focal- length lenses and black-and-white, natural-color, or color-IR film, depending upon requirements. Both cameras were often in operation simultaneously, although sometimes only the lower resolution camera was deployed. When both cameras were in operation, the higher resolution camera was often used in a more limited fashion. The acquired photography covers the period of April to September 1994. The aerial photography was delivered as rolls of large format (9 x 9 inch) color transparency prints, with imagery from multiple missions (hundreds of prints) often contained within a single roll. A total of 1533 frames were collected from the C-130 platform for BOREAS in 1994. Note that the level-0 C130 transparencies are not contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set. An inventory file is supplied on the CD-ROM to inform users of all the data that were collected. Some photographic prints were made from the transparencies. In addition, BORIS staff digitized a subset of the tranparencies and stored the images in JPEG format. The CD-ROM set contains a small subset of the collected aerial photography that were the digitally scanned and stored as JPEG files.for most tower and auxiliary sites in the NSA and SSA. See Section 15 for information about how to acquire additional imagery. Table of Contents 1) Data Set Overview 2) Investigator(s) 3) Theory of Measurements 4) Equipment 5) Data Acquisition Methods 6) Observations 7) Data Description 8) Data Organization 9) Data Manipulations 10) Errors 11) Notes 12) Application of the Data Set 13) Future Modifications and Plans 14) Software 15) Data Access 16) Output Products and Availability 17) References 18) Glossary of Terms 19) List of Acronyms 20) Document Information 1. Data Set Overview 1.1 Data Set Identification BOREAS Level-0 C-130 Aerial Photography 1.2 Data Set Introduction The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Staff Science effort covered those activities that were BOREAS community-level activities, or required uniform data collection procedures across sites and time. These activities included the acquisition, processing, and archiving of the digital images and aerial photography collected on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) C-130 aircraft. The level-0 C-130 photography consists of both natural- color and color-infrared (IR) transparencies acquired during the C-130 flights over the BOREAS study areas during 1994. 1.3 Objective/Purpose For BOREAS, the C-130 and other aerial photography were collected to provide finely detailed and spatially extensive visual documentation of the condition of the primary study sites. 1.4 Summary of Parameters Level-0 C-130 aerial photography, at two scales and in both natural-color (400- 700 nm) and color-IR (510-900 nm), was obtained by dual-camera systems during the 1994 BOREAS field season. The aerial photography was delivered as rolls of transparency film and each frame is approximately 8 inches x 8 inches. The imagery over the Northern Study Area (NSA) and Southern Study Area (SSA) tower and auxiliary sites that were digitized by BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff are stored in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) files. 1.5 Discussion BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff processed the level-0 C-130 aerial photography by: 1) Reviewing the film on the rolls with the flight logs obtained from NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) to check for discrepancies in the number of frames and coverage 2) Compiling the information into spreadsheets for loading into the online data base 3) Loading the spreadsheet information into data base tables 4) Cross-checking the photographic information against data collected by other instrument systems on the C-130 aircraft BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff processed the JPEG images by: 1) Viewing rolls of film on a light table to identify good frames of site coverage. Extracting the frames of interest from the film rolls, noting the frame number, mission, and film type, 2) Scanning the transparencies using a digital scanner, 3) Replacing the scanned frames within the film rolls, 4) Post-processing the imagery in Adobe Photoshop to a) orient the imagery with the edge closest to north at the top, b) cropping images to the edge of the frame, c) adjusting the images for brightness, contrast, and hue if necessary, 5) Saving images in JPEG format with a quality level of 6. 1.6 Related Data Sets BOREAS Level-0 ER-2 Aerial Photography BOREAS Level-0 C-130 Navigation Data BOREAS Level-0 NS001 TMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format BOREAS Level-0 TIMS Imagery: At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format BOREAS Level-1b ASAS Imagery 2. Investigator(s) 2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title BOREAS Staff Science 2.2 Title of Investigation BOREAS Staff Science Aircraft Data Acquisition Program 2.3 Contact Information Contact 1 ------------------- Jeffrey S. Myers Aircraft Data and Sensor Facilities NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA (415) 604-6253 (415) 604-4987 (fax) jmyers@msmail.arc.nasa.gov Contact 2 ------------------- Jeffrey A. Newcomer Raytheon ITSS NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-7858 (301) 286-0239 (fax) Jeffrey.Newcomer@gsfc.nasa.gov 3. Theory of Measurements The Earth Resources Aircraft Program at NASA’s ARC operated the C-130 aircraft to acquire data for Earth science research. The aerial photographic cameras used on the C-130 are furnished with film, lenses, and filters needed to meet various photographic needs. For BOREAS, the aerial photography was obtained to help provide fine spatial resolution information about the various intensive measurement sites. Parameters used were derived from flight requests submitted by principal investigators. All C-130 photo acquisition was flown with 60% overlap in order to provide stereo coverage over the study area. Dual Zeiss cameras were flown onboard the C-130B. Color-IR photographs were acquired on every BOREAS mission. During the thaw and Intensive Field Campaign (IFC)-1, the higher resolution camera often obtained natural-color photographs. 4. Equipment 4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description The cameras used on the C-130 included: Zeiss RMK A 15/23 (camera ID# 75) with a 6-inch focal length (153-mm) lens Zeiss RMK AR 30/23 (camera ID# 85) with a 12-inch focal length (305-mm) lens These are metric mapping cameras manufactured in Germany. The actual dates of manufacture are unknown. 4.1.1 Collection Environment As part of the BOREAS Staff Science data collection effort, the ARC Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch collected and processed color-IR and natural-color aerial photography to BOREAS level-0 products. The various camera systems were flown on NASA's C-130 aircraft during the BOREAS missions (see the BOREAS Experiment Plan for flight pattern details and objectives). Maintenance and operation of the cameras were the responsibility of ARC. The C-130 Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch at ARC provides a description of the systems, calibration procedures, and format. 4.1.2 Source/Platform NASA's C-130 Earth Resources Aircraft. 4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives The purpose of the aerial photography was to provide detailed spatial resolution information about the sites over which numerous data sets were being collected. 4.1.4 Key Variables Reflected radiation. 4.1.5 Principles of Operation The C-130 cameras were manually started and stopped by a camera operator at the beginning and end of each flight line. Rates of frame acquisition were determined by the camera operator. Photographic frames were nominally acquired (exposed) at a rate that provided 60% overlap from frame to frame to ensure adequate stereo coverage of the ground scene. The cycle between frames was determined by the speed and altitude of the aircraft. 4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry Although a few lower-level flights were made over specific targets, the majority of BOREAS C-130 flight altitudes ranged from 4,000- to 8,000-m Above Ground Level (AGL). In most cases, two cameras acquired photography simultaneously, one with a 153.16-mm focal-length lens and another with a 305.11-mm focal-length lens. This resulted in photography at scales ranging from 1:13,000 to 1:52,000. The following are the various lens, film, filter, and exposure combinations used throughout the season. Camera Focal Length Film Type Filter(s) F-Stop ------ ------------ --------- --------- ------ Zeiss-075 153.16 mm Aerochrome IR 2443 Wratten 12 4 Zeiss-075 153.16 mm Aerochrome IR 2443 Wratten 12 5.6 Zeiss-085 305.11 mm Aerochrome MS 2448 None 5.6 Zeiss-085 305.11 mm Aerochrome IR 2443 Wratten 12 5.6 Zeiss-085 305.11 mm Aerochrome IR 2443 Wratten 12 4 4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument The C-130 cameras were manufactured by Zeiss in Germany. The dates of manufacture are unknown. 4.2 Calibration All camera calibrations were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Mapping Division’s Optical Science Laboratory in Reston, VA. The most recent calibration of camera ID# 85 was 30-June-1981. Camera ID# 75 was most recently calibrated on 10-Dec-1976. No post-BOREAS calibration was performed. 4.2.1 Specifications Camera: Zeiss-075 Lens Field-of-View (FOV) 90? F-stop 4 Lens focal length 153.16 mm Frame rate dependent on aircraft altitude and speed Camera: Zeiss-085 Lens FOV 55? F-Stop 5.6 Lens focal length 305.11 mm Frame rate dependent on aircraft altitude and speed The wavelength ranges (in micrometers) of film/filter combinations used are: Effective Film Filter Wavelength ------ -------- ------------- Aerochrome IR 2443 Wratten 12 .0.510-0.900 micrometers Aerochrome MS 2448 None .0.400-0.700 micrometers 4.2.1.1 Tolerance Not applicable. 4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration To conform to USGS mapping standards, the camera system should be calibrated every 3 years. The cameras used for BOREAS missions have not been calibrated recently and do not conform to these standards. A complete calibration of a camera system would determine the following: - Calibrated focal length - Radial distortion of the image plane - Resolving power from center to edge of field of the image plane - Filter parallelism - Filter antivignetting gradient density - Shutter speed and efficiency - Film platen flatness and identification - Location of the corner and midside fiducials and point of symmetry with reference to the principal point of autocollimation - X, Y fiducial coordinates - Distances between fiducial marks and 90? condition angle measurements 4.2.3 Other Calibration Information These cameras have not been calibrated since NASA moved its Earth Resources program and operations from Johnson Space Center to ARC in 1982. 5. Data Acquisition Methods As part of the BOREAS Staff Science data collection effort, the ARC Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch collected and processed color-IR and natural-color aerial photography to BOREAS level-0 products. The various camera systems were flown on NASA's C-130 aircraft during the BOREAS mission (see the BOREAS Experiment Plan for flight pattern details and objectives). Maintenance and operation of the cameras are the responsibility of ARC. The C-130 Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch at ARC provides a description of the systems, calibration procedures, and format. 6. Observations 6.1 Data Notes None. 6.2 Field Notes Flight summary reports and verbal records on videotapes are available. 7. Data Description 7.1 Spatial Characteristics 7.1.1 Spatial Coverage The BOREAS level-0 photographic images cover portions of the Southern and Northern Study Areas, as well as some imagery over the transect area between the SSA and the NSA. The SSA and the NSA are located in the southwest and northeast portions of the overall BOREAS region. The JPEG files on the CD-ROM cover only tower sites and some of the auxiliary sites within the study areas. The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) corner coordinates of the SSA are: Latitude Longitude -------- --------- Northwest 54.321 N 106.228 W Northeast 54.225 N 104.237 W Southwest 53.515 N 106.321 W Southeast 53.420 N 104.368 W The NAD83 corner coordinates of the NSA are: Latitude Longitude -------- --------- Northwest 56.249 N 98.825 W Northeast 56.083 N 97.234 W Southwest 55.542 N 99.045 W Southeast 55.379 N 97.489 W 7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map Not available. 7.1.3 Spatial Resolution Typical altitudes for BOREAS were around 5,000-m AGL. The scale of the photography depends on the altitude of the aircraft and the focal length of the lens attached to the camera. 7.1.4 Projection Not applicable. 7.1.5 Grid Description Not applicable. 7.2 Temporal Characteristics 7.2.1 Temporal Coverage The photographs were collected during BOREAS' three IFCs and the Focused Field Campaign-Thaw (FFC-T) covering the period from 16-Apr-1994 through 17-Sep-1994. The JPEG images on the CD-ROM were mostly from imagery acquired during August and September, except for a few images in June. 7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map Images were acquired at the following range of dates for each campaign: Campaign Dates -------- -------------------------- FFC-T 16-Apr-1994 -- 20-Apr-1994 IFC-1 26-May-1994 -- 08-Jun-1994 IFC-2 21-Jul-1994 -- 08-Aug-1994 IFC-3 06-Sep-1994 -- 17-Sep-1994 7.2.3 Temporal Resolution Images were acquired on the following dates from respective cameras. Low/high in the camera column refers to the resolution/scale of the imagery as a result of the focal length of the lens used. If both cameras were in use, the two numbers in the subsequent columns refer to the respective cameras. Site Date Camera # of Frames Film low/high low/high low/high Thaw ------------------------------------------------------ SSA 16-Apr-94 both 25/24 IR/VIS SSA 19-Apr-94 low 260 IR NSA 20-Apr-94 low 200 IR IFC-1 ------------------------------------------------------ SSA 26-May-94 both 25/41 IR/VIS SSA 31-May-94 both 34/58 IR/VIS SSA 01-Jun-94 both 21/37 IR/VIS SSA 04-Jun-94 both 19/33 IR/VIS SSA 06-Jun-94 both 19/27 IR/VIS NSA 07-Jun-94 both 107/53 IR/VIS NSA 08-Jun-94 both 6/10 IR/VIS IFC-2 ----------------------------------------------------- SSA 21-Jul-94 both 136/61 IR/IR SSA 23-Jul-94 both 10/16 IR/IR SSA 24-Jul-94 both 19/36 IR/IR NSA* 02-Aug-94 both 4/4 IR/IR NSA 04-Aug-94 both 102/30 IR/IR NSA 08-Aug-94 low 63 IR IFC-3 ----------------------------------------------------- NSA 06-Sep-94 low 6 IR NSA 08-Sep-94 both 10/8 IR/IR SSA 13-Sep-94 high 43 IR SSA 16-Sep-94 both 99/37 IR/IR NSA 17-Sep-94 both 103/69 IR/IR * Frames on this date were removed from the archive because of poor site conditions. 7.3 Data Characteristics Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file (c130phoi.def). 7.4 Sample Data Record Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file (c130phoi.def). 8. Data Organization 8.1 Data Granularity All of the Level-0 C-130 Aerial Photography are contained in one dataset. The smallest orderable unit of data for level-0 C-130 photography is an individual photographic frame. 8.2 Data Format(s) The 9-inch x 9-inch transparencies from single or multiple flight lines are contained on large film rolls delivered by ARC. The CD-ROM inventory file containing information about the transparencies consists of numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields. Sample inventory data records are shown in the companion data definition file (c130phoi.def). The files containing digitized versions of some of the C-130 photography on the CD-ROM are stored in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) file format. The standard file naming convention is date_studyarea_site_res.jpg, where res is an indicator of the relative resolution of the images, with h = high and l = low. A number 2 will sometimes follow this indicator if there are two images for a given site/study area/date/resolution combination. The site given in the file name does not mean that this is the only site covered within the image, multiple auxiliary sites are sometimes within each frame or will be covered by a tower site image, particularly if it is a low-resolution image. If a site is not found among the file names, view an image for a nearby site, as your area of interest may be covered within other images. Most of the C-130 photographs were acquired over tower and auxiliary sites within the modeling sub areas, some auxiliary sites were not covered. Software to view the JPEG images is available from many Internet sites. 9. Data Manipulations 9.1 Formulae 9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms Standard photographic processing of the original negatives to positive transparencies was performed based on the manufacturer's film developing specifications. 9.2 Data Processing Sequence 9.2.1 Processing Steps BORIS staff processed the level-0 C-130 aerial photography by: 1) Reviewing the film on the rolls with the flight logs obtained from ARC to check for discrepancies in numbers of frames and coverage 2) Compiling the information into spreadsheets for loading into the online data base 3) Loading the spreadsheet information into data base tables 4) Cross-checking the photographic information against data collected by other instrument systems on the C-130 aircraft BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff processed the JPEG images by: 1) Viewing rolls of film on a light table to identify good frames of site coverage. Extracting the frames of interest from the film rolls, noting the frame number, mission, and film type, 2) Scanning the transparencies using a digital scanner, 3) Replacing the scanned frames within the film rolls, 4) Post-processing the imagery in Adobe Photoshop to a) orient the imagery with the edge closest to north at the top, b) cropping images to the edge of the frame, c) adjusting the images for brightness, contrast, and hue if necessary, 5) Saving images in JPEG format with a quality level of 6. 9.2.2 Processing Changes None. 9.3 Calculations 9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments During flight, shutter speed and F-stops were altered as necessary to ensure correct camera operations at varied altitudes and aircraft speeds. No postflight adjustments were performed on the cameras other than normal maintenance. 9.3.2 Calculated Variables Not applicable. 9.4 Graphs and Plots None. 10. Errors 10.1 Sources of Error None at this time. 10.2 Quality Assessment 10.2.1 Data Validation by Source ARC and BORIS personnel reviewed the film for overall quality by viewing the resultant photographic imagery. 10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment Confidence is high that the photographs do in fact cover the areas that are indicated in the flight logs and that the film, filter, and lenses shown are the ones that were used. 10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters Interested users can refer to USGS calibration reports available from the Airborne Science Data Facility at ARC. 10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments None. 10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center BORIS staff processed the level-0 C-130 aerial photography by: 1) Reviewing the film on the rolls with the flight logs obtained from ARC to check for discrepancies in numbers of frames and coverage 2) Compiling the information into spreadsheets for loading into the online data base 3) Loading the spreadsheet information into data base tables 4) Cross-checking the photographic information against data collected by other data systems on the C-130 aircraft 5) Digitizing and enhancing some of the photographs for storage on the CD-ROM set as JPEG files. 11. Notes 11.1 Limitations of the Data To date, no discrepancies or problems have been noted in the film or the JPEG files. 11.2 Known Problems with the Data None. 11.3 Usage Guidance None. 11.4 Other Relevant Information None. 12. Application of the Data Set Although the C-130 photography was not planned for photogrammetric activities, it would be useful for documenting the vegetation and ground conditions during the digital scanner data collection missions. 13. Future Modifications and Plans None. 14. Software 14.1 Software Description While reviewing the film and flight logs, BORIS personnel compiled information in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files for use in loading the online data base. The spreadsheet files were then loaded into the data base with existing Oracle utilities. The JPEG files were created by scanning the transparencies on a flatbed scanned and using Adobe Photoshop to prepare and view the final files. 14.2 Software Access Contact Adobe, Microsoft, or Oracle Corporation for details on Photoshop, Excel, or Oracle data base software. Many Internet sites contain software that can be obtained to view JPEG files. 15. Data Access 15.1 Contact for Data Center/Data Access Information These BOREAS data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOS-DIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is: ORNL DAAC User Services Oak Ridge National Laboratory (865) 241-3952 ornldaac@ornl.gov ornl@eos.nasa.gov 15.2 Procedures for Obtaining Data BOREAS data may be obtained through the ORNL DAAC World Wide Web site at http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/ or users may place requests for data by telephone, electronic mail, or fax. 15.3 Output Products and Availability Requested data can be provided electronically on the ORNL DAAC's anonymous FTP site or on various media including, CD-ROMs, 8-MM tapes, or diskettes. The complete set of BOREAS data CD-ROMs, entitled "Collected Data of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study", edited by Newcomer, J., et al., NASA, 1999, are also available. 16. Output Products and Availability 16.1 Tape Products Not applicable to photographic images. 16.2 Film Products Natural-color and color-IR aerial photography and video records were collected. The video records include aircraft crew cabin intercom conversations and an audible tone that was initiated each time the digital scanner systems were triggered. The BOREAS data base contains an inventory of available BOREAS aircraft flight documentation, such as flight logs and videos. 16.3 Other Products Although the inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual level-0 C130 photographs are not. See Section 15 for information about how to obtain the data. Several images taken in 1994 are available as JPEG files on the CD-ROM series. 17. References 17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation Airborne Instrumentation Research Project - Flight Summary Reports for Flight No. 94-004-09 to 94-009-09 or April 16, 1994, to September 19, 1994. NASA Ames Research Center, Airborne Missions and Applications Division, Moffett Field, California, 94035. Flight summary reports for all the C-130 BOREAS missions. Available from the Airborne Science Data Facility at Ames Research Center. Flight Summary Reports as follows: 94-004 Series 16-Apr-1994 -- 20-Apr-1994 94-006 Series 23-May-1994 -- 18-Jun-1994 94-005-04 12-Jul-1994 94-007 Series 18-Jul-1994 -- 08-Aug-1994 94-009 Series 06-Sep-1994 -- 17-Sep-1994 NASA. 1990. C-130 Earth Resources Aircraft Experimenter's Handbook. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California. Reference USGS camera calibration reports. Available from the Airborne Science Data Facility at Ames Research Center. 17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD- ROM. Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94). Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577. Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M. Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T. Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (D24): 28,731-28,770. 17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation None. 18. Glossary of Terms None. 19. List of Acronyms AGL - Above Ground Level ARC - Ames Research Center ASAS - Advanced Solid-State Array Spectroradiometer ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study BORIS - BOREAS Information System CD-ROM - Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center EOS - Earth Observing System EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System FFC-T - Focused Field Campaign - Thaw FFC-W - Focused Field Campaign - Winter FOV - Field-Of-View GIS - Geographic Information System GMT - Greenwich Mean Time GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center IFC - Intensive Field Campaign IFOV - Instantaneous Field-of-View IR - Infrared JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group MSS - Multispectral Scanner NAD83 - North American Datum of 1983 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NSA - Northern Study Area ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory PANP - Prince Albert National Park SSA - Southern Study Area TIMS - Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner TM - Thematic Mapper TMS - Thematic Mapper Simulator URL - Uniform Resource Locator USGS - U. S. Geological Survey 20. Document Information 20.1 Document Revision Date(s) Written: 31-Jul-1995 Last Updated: 25-Oct-1999 20.2 Document Review Date(s) BORIS Review: 03-Jan-1997 Science Review: 07-Feb-1997 20.3 Document ID 20.4 Citation When using these data, please include the following acknowledgement as well as citations of relevent papers in Section 17.2: The BOREAS Level-0 C-130 photography was collected and processed by personnel at the Medium Altitude Aircraft Branch at NASA ARC. Their contributions to providing this data set are greatly appreciated. Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as: Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. CD- ROM. NASA, 2000. 20.5 Document Curator 20.6 Document URL Keywords: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY C-130 REFLECTED RADIATION C130_PHOTO_L0.doc 11/22/99